School Dropout s Rates From City - 1858 Words

All these is done to convince the readers that millions of children are out of school in Pakistan. The readers feels sympathetic a lot about these issue Basically, Azam attributes poor government plans, lack of resources, poor education schemes and poor planning to this menace of poor enrolment and absence of learners from. The author of this article employs the use of some reasons and logic appeals in an attempt to lure the audience to read the article and identify with it. For instance, it was show that the rate of enrolled children from Grade one to five maximum, but the retention rate is only 67%. Also, the primary enrollment is 58% in Pakistan and the target of 100%. There are example that show the logic of low enrolment. There are different between school dropout s rates from city to other. For example, Balochi stanand Sindh are highest population of school dropout s children, the rates about 66% of children in Balochistanand 51% in Sindh are not in school, however, Punjaband K-P show low rates of dropout s children by 47% and 34% children out of school. Lastly,inthe Federally Administered Tribal regions (FATA), 62% are not in school, in Gilgit-Baltistan 48% not in school. And about 43% of same kids live in Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The use of tables and pictures also act as another appeal in this article. In this case, Azam uses a chart to indicate the rate of literacy in Pakistan and also the rate of primary school enrolment in the same country (Azam).Show MoreRelatedDropout From High School And The Consequences Of Their Actions Essay1203 Words   |  5 Pagesassociated with students that dropout from high school and the consequences of their actions. We will look at the percentages of adults that have dropped out and what states have the highest amount. We will also look at how dropping out from high school affects the earning potential of adults that did not finish high school. We will also look what percentage is highest among who fail to finish high school among ethnic groups. In high schools across America the dropout rate has sky rocketed over the pastRead MoreProperty Crime Report1462 Words   |  6 Pagesaffects the property crime rates in the U.S. Abstract: The property crime rates of 45.7% occurs more in urban areas. About 16.8% of the crimes were committed by high school dropouts and only 0.4% of the crimes that occurs were related to the population density. The type of property crimes that happens includes larceny-theft, home burglary, home invasion, grand theft auto, forgery, and arson. These types of crimes may be caused by factors such as high school dropouts, the population density perRead MoreSchool Drop Outs/Labeling Theory Social Learning Theory1499 Words   |  6 PagesSchool Dropouts Florida AM University Abstract Over the years dropout rates have decreased but still target African Americans and Hispanics mostly in our society today. Nowadays they are labeled to fail based on race, background, pregnancy, and/or peers. Since the 1970s, there has been a growing effort to improve high school graduation rates. In 1983, the National Commission on Excellence in Education sounded the alarm because U.S. educational standards had fallen behind otherRead MoreThe Long Shadow Is A Book By Three Research Sociologists1023 Words   |  5 PagesUniversity. The late Doris R. Entwisle was a research professor of Sociology at the John Hopkins University. Linda Olson is an associate research scientist with the Baltimore Education Research Consortium (BERC) and the Center for Social Organization of Schools at the John Hopkins University. This book was originally published on April 14, 2014 and in this book, these professors followed the lives of 790 children growing up in various neighborhoods throughout Ba ltimore, Maryland. I would consider this bookRead MoreFactors Influencing How Children Behave And Act1633 Words   |  7 Pageswith their environment, they learn problem solving skills, Critical thinking skills, and language skills according to (www.gdrc.org). The environment and economy status affect how people mature in life. Environment consists of family, teachers, school, city, media, and other sources where information can be acquired. Information is necessary to achieve numerous accomplishments throughout life. If the environment in which the child depend on function in a manner that reprehend the best possible levelRead MoreSchool Size Has An Effect On College Enrollment Essay1608 Words   |  7 Pages As captain of her high school hockey team, leader of the art club, and the lead in the school play my close friend was very involved in high school. Of course, this is a lot of achievements, but she also did not have a lot of competition coming from a school with a graduating class of one hundred and fifty. Given more involvement smaller schools seem to be fantastic, but do larger schools send more graduates to college? With this I researched the question if high school size has an effect on collegeRead MoreWhy is there so much poverty in the United States? Essays991 Words   |  4 PagesThe questi on â€Å"Why is there so much poverty in the United States?† has such a broad spectrum of issues. There is no simple cure or single cause of poverty. According to statistics from the U.S. Department of Health Human Services, â€Å"the 2011 Poverty Guidelines are $10,890 for a single member household and $22,350 for a family of four† (par 13). In addition, â€Å"families’ incomes that fall below the threshold given, means that every individual in the household are considered to be in poverty† (par 13)Read MoreCorrelation Between Parental Literacy And Literacy1349 Words   |  6 Pagesdecreasing high school dropout. To answer the question; Does intergenerational illiteracy affect educational achievement and what can be done to decrease intergenerational illiteracy and increase literacy education levels? This paper will analyze research that shows the connection between parental literacy and the lower educational attainment of children and will present sol utions for increasing literacy in the family thus helping parents and potentially preventing high school dropout. IntroductionRead MoreComparison Between Schools And Prisons1732 Words   |  7 PagesSchools Vs Prisons The United States prison population has grown from approximately 500,000 to 2.3 million people in three decades. The us spends almost $70 billion dollars yearly to put adults in prison and jails. They also put 7.3 million people on probation and parole. California has the largest prison population rate in the country, with more than 170,000 people behind bars. More than a billion dollars is spent every year to incarcerate people from a community in Los Angeles . 40% of studentsRead MoreHigh School Dropouts At Risk Students1419 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction High school dropouts are usually defined as students who leave school before obtaining a diploma but in some cases, are also labeled as a drop out if they do not complete the high school curriculum within four years after entering ninth grade (Hampden-Thompson, Kienzl, Daniel, Kinukawa, 2007). Students who are considered to be at risk are more vulnerable to dropping out of school than others. These at risk students usually exhibit behavioral, attitudinal, or academic problems (Lemon

The Heroic and Honorable Knight in The Canterbury Tales...

Knights are one of the most mistaken figures of the medieval era due to fairytales and over exaggerated fiction novels. When medieval knights roamed the earth, it was known that they were only human and, like humans, had faults. These knights did not always live up to the standards designated by society. However, in The Canterbury Tales, the knight is revealed as a character that would now be considered a knight in shining armor, a perfect role model in how he acts and what he does. Modern day people see them as chivalrous figures instead of their actual role as mounted cavalry soldiers. As time passes, the idea of what a knight is changes from a simple cavalry soldier to a specific type of behavior. Historically, knights were not very†¦show more content†¦In The Canterbury Tales, the knight is a modern type of knight. Although the description of this character’s personality is vague, it is not hard for modern day people to visualize him. In the prologue, it mentions that the knight follows the five basic ideals that a good knight should possess: â€Å"chivalry, Truth, honour, generousness, and courtesy† (Chaucer 4). The knight fought in the Crusades, wars in which Europeans traveled by sea to non-Christian places and tried to convert people’s culture by brute force, which was considered noble and brave hearted. From his love of the five basics ideals previously mentioned to his impressive military career, the knight is a perfect example of how a knight should be represented. Indirectly, the tale is discussing both the knight and the idea of how a knight should be. The tale does not describe much about the knight as in physical appearances and charac teristics of this knight but as the tale comes to an end, the book starts to unfold how this story connects with this character. The tale itself is not important yet it’s what the tale represents that is important, such as pursuing courtly love, risking death, and respecting women. All of the previously mentioned attributes are ones that knights should possess to achieve expected standards. A knight’s characteristics are usually described by using power and authority but, in actuality, the knight is just a servant to a higher authority. AnShow MoreRelatedThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer1073 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer introduced and described a variety of fictional characters that lived in the Middle Ages. It was the time period that European civilians were governed by a system called feudalism. Where kings were the head of the system and everyone was categorized in social classes. In the prologue of The Canterbury Tales the first character introduced was the knight. Geoffrey Chaucer depicts the knight correctly by characterizing him as a chivalrous and honorable man, whichRead More Anglo-Saxon Values Essay488 Words   |  2 Pages Throughout the Anglo-Saxon and Middle Age periods the main characters always had a similar established value; honor. This value is prominent in Beowulf, â€Å"The Seafarer†, and The C anterbury Tales. Each of the main characters portray honor either to himself, his followers, his king, and/or his God. These poems are the different aspects of honor intertwined together to form the most prevailing value during this time frame. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Beowulf is a story of a brave warrior who fightsRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales, by Geoffrey Chaucer1582 Words   |  7 Pages Geoffrey Chaucer wrote the Canterbury tales a collection of short tales in the 14th century. The compilation of stories are told by different characters within the narrative as part of a game proposed by the host. Each individual must tell two stories on their journey and two stories on their way back. Each story tells some aspects of English life during the time and often added satire like qualities to the English life. In particular Chaucer often tells stories with elements of the relationshipRead MoreChivalry And Courtly Love In The Knights Tale1140 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer tells â€Å"The Knight’s Tale†, a story of the two knights Palamon and Arcite who fall deeply in love with Princess Emily, a member of Theseus’ kingdom. Even though both knights are imprisoned within a tower, each finds a way to escape jail and try to win Emily. Ultimately, this leads to a duel between the two knights for which the prize is the hand of Emily. Chaucer uses the knights to reflect the very male-oriented time period through the strong chivalry andRead MoreLiterature Reflecting Religious and Political Ideals3433 Words   |  14 Pagesa pagan hero with supernatural powers who had been turned into a Christian knight and holy warrior by the time the story was written down in the 9th Century. His mission is also Christ-like in that he sacrifices his life to defend the people against Grendel and his mother the Dragon or Devil. The Green Knight is a story from the High Middle Ages (1000-1300 AD), which is commonly thought of as an age of chivalry and knights in shining armor. In popular culture, this remains the most popular and persistentRead MoreEssay about A Knights Tale1672 Words   |  7 PagesThe Canterbury Tales begin with The Knight’s Tale; which chronicles the tragic love triangle of Palamon, Arcite and Emilye. The following tale, which is told by the Miller, is also a love triangle, and is in many ways si milar to the Knight’s tale. However, the Miller’s tale sharply contrasts the Knight’s, almost parodying it. The Knight’s tale is a tragic of nobility, heritage and focuses heavily on mythology and astrology, whereas The Miller’s tale is a comedy, focusing on the common-man and hisRead MoreDiscuss the Relationship Between Appearance and Reality and the Issues This Involves in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and ‘the Franklin’s Tale’.2721 Words   |  11 Pagesrelationship between appearance and reality and the issues this involves in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and ‘The Franklin’s Tale’. Judging a Book by its Cover The appearance of a situation, person or place may sometimes be at total odds with its actual reality, and thus change previous conceptions held of a thing or person. In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and Chaucer’s The Franklin’s Tale, not only are there illusions throughout the tale’s themselves, but the reality of the story and itsRead More Epic of Beowulf Essay1818 Words   |  8 Pageswill refer to all of these ideas, the way it did when the term was introduced into english. If all things are to be considered this short essay would turn into a book. I would like to compare and contrast Beowulf, Lanval, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight with some of the modern day creations especially in looking at the values, and belief systems in all of the three â€Å"classic† stories. I will apologize in advance to those who will read this and are not familiar to the texts that are mentioned, due

Mcdonalds in India †Case Study Free Essays

WALMART Group GMITE – Batch 6 Abhishek Agrawal Ajit Varghese Brijesh Chauhan Karthikeyan Palani Manendra Jain Nalukurthy Rajeshbabu Satish kumar Dosapati Sushma GN McDonald’s India A Locally Owned Company: McDonald’s is the world’s leading global foodservice retailer with more than 33,000 locations serving approximately 64 million customers in 118 countries each day. More than 80% of McDonald’s restaurants worldwide are owned and operated by independent local men and women. In India, McDonald’s is managed by two Indian entrepreneurs. We will write a custom essay sample on Mcdonalds in India – Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now Amit Jatia, Vice Chairman, Hardcastle Restaurants Pvt. Ltd. owns and spearheads McDonald’s operations in West South India. Hardcastle Restaurants was appointed Development Licensee for McDonald’s in India in 2010, a progression from Joint Venture partner. Vikram Bakshi, MD and Joint Venture Partner, Connaught Plaza Restaurants Private Limited, owns and operates McDonald’s in North and East India. Celebrating over 15 years of leadership in food service retailing in India, McDonald’s now has a network of over 235 restaurants across the country. Local Sourcing Is Key for Truly Indian Products: McDonald’s India is committed to sourcing almost all of its products from within the country. Prior to its launch, the company invested six years to develop its unique cold chain, which has brought about a veritable revolution in food handling, immensely benefiting the farmers at one end and enabling customers to get the highest quality food products, absolutely fresh and at a great value. McDonald’s India today has developed local Indian businesses, which can supply the highest quality products required for its Indian operations. Respect for Indian Customs and Culture: McDonald’s worldwide is well known for the high degree of respect to the local culture of each market it operates in. In line with this respect for local culture, India is the first country in the world where McDonald’s does not offer any beef or pork items. McDonald’s has developed a menu especially for India with vegetarian selections to suit the Indian palate and has also re-engineered its operations to address the special requirements of vegetarians. Special care is taken to ensure that all vegetable products are prepared separately, using dedicated equipment and utensils. This separation of vegetarian and non-vegetarian food products is maintained throughout the various stages of procurement, cooking and serving. So much so that the mayonnaise and soft serves are also 100% vegetarian and McDonald’s uses only vegetable oil as a cooking medium in India. An Employer of Opportunity: McDonald’s India is an employer of opportunity, providing quality employment and long-term careers to professionals across the country. The average McDonald’s restaurant employs 60-80 people from crew to restaurant manager. McDonald’s invests in its employees, leveraging world class-training inputs to create ambassadors of the brand and creating food service professionals with global attitudes. The brand currently has over 8000 employees in India. Quality, Service, Cleanliness Value McDonald’s is driven by the philosophy of Quality, Service, and Cleanliness Value for Money. This translates into a commitment to provide customers high quality products, served quickly with a smile, in a clean and pleasant environment at an affordable price. This effectively means that the McDonald’s menu is priced at a value that the largest segment of the Indian consumers can afford while at the same time ensuring that quality is not sacrificed for value – rather McDonald’s leverages economies to minimise costs while maximizing value to customers. Major issues ? NUTRITION Type of high fat, low fiber diet promoted by McDonald’s is linked to serious diseases such as heart disease, obesity and diabetes. The sort of diseases that are now responsible for nearly three-quarters of premature deaths in the western world. McDonald’s respond that the scientific evidence is not conclusive and that their food can be a valuable part of a balanced diet. Some people say McDonald’s are entitled to sell junk food in exactly the same way that chocolate or cream cake manufacturers do: if people want to buy it that’s their decision. But should McDonald’s be allowed to advertise their products as nutritious? Why do they sponsor sports events when they sell unhealthy products? And what on earth are they doing opening restaurants in hospitals? ? Ecological Sustainability Vegetarians and animal welfare campaigners aren’t too keen on McDonald’s – for obvious reasons. As the world’s largest user of beef they are responsible for the slaughter of hundreds of thousands of cows per year. In Europe alone they use half a million chickens every week, all from windowless factory farms. Is it acceptable for the food industry to exploit animals at all? Again, McDonald’s argue that they stick to the letter of the law and if there are any problems it is a matter for government. They also claim to be concerned with animal welfare. ? Deep Market Penetration In order to grow McDonald’s needs to expand to other cities and towns in India rather than concentrating in Delhi. Mumbai few other cities, For expansion to succeed, McDonald’s can no longer depends on its processing distributions centers in and around Delhi Mumbai, Given India’s poor transportation and road facilities, the logistic bottleneck of transporting food item from one place to other will add to the cost of its products, it needs to build new processing distribution centers in other cities for operational efficiency, this would require additional investment and cost can not be easily passed on to the consumers. Price increase is the last thing that McDonald’s can afford if it wants to succeed in India, Already for most of the people McDonald’s is associated with high proices. ? Adaptability of portfolio towards local needs Given India’s fragmented regional culture where no single food preference predominates, McDonald’s need to develop new product on regular basis. Developing new products adds complexity cost and raises the risks of errors. It also runs counter to McDonald’s culture and history. Yet if McDonald’s does not do it on regular basis, Company’s popularity will be short lived. It will be difficult for company to meet the range of different competitors, most notably the homegrown food chains which offers a variety of products at reasonable prices. ? CULTURAL SENSITIVITY( I feel this is a major issue) India is country with varying cultural diversity. The diversity reflects in eating habits with majority of population is vegetarian still a section of people with non-vegetarian food preference. India is land of spices. Indians like spicy food and prefer satellite joints as roadside food stalls. Usually home cooked food is preferred and dining out option is primarily reserved for special occasions. The food habits are also driven by the religious sentiments. In May 2001, a class action lawsuit1 was filed against the world’s largest fast-food chain McDonald’s, in Seattle, US. The lawsuit alleged that the company had, for over a decade, duped vegetarian customers into eating French fries2 that contained beef extracts. Minor issues ? ADVERTISING McDonald’s spend over two billion dollars each year on advertising: Using collectable toys, television adverts, promotional schemes in schools and figures such as Ronald McDonald the company bombards their main target group: children. Many parents object strongly to the influence this has over their own children. McDonald’s argue that their advertising is no worse than anyone else’s and that they adhere to all the advertising codes in each country. But others argue it still amounts to cynical exploitation of children – some consumer organizations are calling for a ban on advertising to children. Why do McDonald’s sponsor so many school events and learning programs? Is their Children’s Charities genuine philanthropy or is there a more explicit publicity and profit motive? ? ENVIRONMENT One of the well-known and sensitive question about McDonald’s is: are they responsible for the destruction of tropical forests to make way for cattle ranching? McDonald’s say no. Many people say yes. So McDonald’s sue them. Not so many people say yes anymore, but does this mean McDonald’s aren’t responsible? They annually produce over a million tons of packaging, used for just a few minutes before being discarded. What environmental effect does the production and disposal of all this have? Is their record on recycling and recycled products as green as they make out? Are they responsible for litter on the streets, or is that the fault of the customer who drops it? Can any multinational company operating on McDonald’s scale not contribute to global warming, ozone destruction, depletion of mineral resources and the destruction of natural habitats? Recommendation for Growth New Business Channels – Home Delivery, breakfast, extended hours and Drive-Troughs. As per estimates, home delivery can increase store sales about 15% and drive troughs by 50%. Attract College Crowd (Youth) – Similar to KFC â€Å"StreetWise† menu, which offers products to college students at affordable price. Employees and Customers – In India, McDonald’s employ 5,000 people and serves half a million customers a day via its 169 family restaurants. McDonald’s has 85,000 employees and serves 2. 5 million customers a day in the UK. Local Vegetarian Menu: In India, McDonald’s does not offer pork or beef-based products. Its menu is more than 50 per cent vegetarian. The fast food retail chain has separate production lines and processes for its vegetarian and non-vegetarian offerings. McDelivery Online – In India, McDonald’s first launched home delivery of meals in Mumbai in 2004. McDonald’s now has plans to launch web-based delivery service in India (across 75 McDelivery cities) in 2010, a pilot for which has already been tested by it in Hyderabad. The company hopes to add 5 per cent to sales via Web delivery. McDonald’s web-based delivery model will be based on serving the customer quickly wherein the drive time does not exceed seven minutes because its food has to be eaten within ten minutes of preparation. The footfalls in India are amongst the highest in the world, but the average bill is amongst the lowest. At present (March 2010), Domino’s Pizza (operated by Bhartia Group-promoted Jubilant Foodworks under a master franchise agreement) has a 65% market share in the home delivery segment. MFY (Made for You) food preparation platform – MFY is a unique concept (cooking method) where the food is prepared as the customer places its order. All new upcoming McDonald’s restaurants are based on MFY. This cooking method has helped McDonald’s further strengthen its food safety, hygiene and quality standards. McDonald’s has around 10 MFY restaurants in its portfolio. How to cite Mcdonalds in India – Case Study, Free Case study samples

Conceptual Frameworks and Project Management †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Conceptual Frameworks and Project Management. Answer: Introduction Frauds committed on credit cards proves to be one of the greatest dangers to business foundations today. Notwithstanding, to battle the credit card fraud, it is essential to first comprehend the systems of executing the credit fraud. The fraudsters employ a number of methodologies to in executing their plans. Credit card fraud can be defined in simple terms as: "A situation where an individual uses someone elses card for his or her personal reasons at a time when the card owner or the card issuer is not privy that the card is being used. Further, the individual utilizing the card has no association with the cardholder or the issuer of the card, and has no aim of either reaching the proprietor of the card or making reimbursements for the buys made". A criminal act of deception (deceive with purpose) by utilization of unapproved account or potentially individual data Illegal and or unapproved account utilization for selfish gain. Wrongly presenting account information so as to acquire merchandise as well as services. In spite of mainstream thinking, merchants are much more in danger from frauds committed by use of cards than the cardholders. While shoppers may confront inconvenience attempting to get a deceitful charge turned around, traders lose the cost of the item sold, pay chargeback expenses, and dread from the danger of having closure of their merchant account. Visa Inc. operates the world's largest retail electronic payments network and is one of the most recognized global financial services brands. It facilitates global commerce through the transfer of value and information among financial institutions, merchants, consumers, businesses and government entities. To address online fraud, Visa requires information on the effectiveness of its online security system via customer experiences with fraudulent behaviors to maintain and/or improve Visas market share. The study sought to answer the following research questions: Does the number of credit card frauds differ between the male and the female customers? Does credit card fraud vary across the different age groups of the customers? What is the average time lost in resolving a card fraud? If Visa Inc. has set a time-period which is acceptable at 12 hours, will this be a significant improvement to the response time compared to what customers have experienced before? How often does an online or offline card fraud occur? Visa Inc. is willing to invest in an updated online security which will decrease the number of online card fraud only if online transactions are more vulnerable to fraud compared to offline transactions. What is your recommendation? Do any of the customers satisfaction scores of response time, the level of advice, and the level of communication influence the overall satisfaction with the credit card fraud resolution team? The design used for this study was both descriptive and analytical in nature (Shields Rangarajan, 2013). Data on assessing the effectiveness of Visa Inc. online security system as well as assessing customer experience regarding personal fraud was collected. A simple random sample of 2000 customers was selected. Surveys were sent to the respondents and only 420 responded. The questionnaire comprised of a number of questions that attempted to know the opinions of the respondents regarding their personal experience in relation to fraud as well as the effectiveness of Visa Inc. online security system. The survey used to collect data is provided below and the survey responses were collated in excel. Statistical Technique and Justification To test hypothesis one, an independent samples t-test was used as this is the most appropriate test to compare the difference between mean two factors that are unrelated (Derrick, Toher, White, 2017). To test hypothesis two, a Chi-square test of association was used as this is the most appropriate test to check for association between two groups of categorical variables (Plackett, 2003). To test hypothesis three, one-sample t-test was used as this is the appropriate test to compare the difference between mean of one variable and a pre-determined mean (Zikmund, Babin, Carr, Griffin, 2013). To test hypothesis four, a two samples t-test was used as this is the appropriate test to compare the difference between mean of two groups of variables (Zikmund, Babin, Carr, Griffin, 2013). To test hypothesis four, a multiple regression model was used as this is the appropriate test to analyze the relationship between two or more independent variables with a dependent variable (Armstrong, 2012). Results, and Statistical and non-statistical Interpretation In this section, we present the empirical results as well as the statistical and non-statistical interpretation of the results. Gender N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Number of frauds Female 152 10.9013 6.83559 .55444 Male 126 10.1984 6.32837 .56378 An independent samples t-test was done to compare the mean average number of card frauds experienced by the males and the females. Results showed that the females (M = 10.91, SD = 6.84, N = 152) had no significant difference in terms of the number of card frauds experienced when compared to the males (M = 10.20, SD = 6.32, N = 126), t (276) = 0.883, p .05, two-tailed. The difference of 0.703 showed an insignificant difference. Non-statistical interpretation: Essentially results showed that female and male respondents who took part in the study had no significant differences in average number of card frauds they experienced. Whether experienced credit, debit or EFTPOS card fraud in last 12 months Total Experienced credit, debit or EFTPOS card fraud in last 12 months Did not experience credit, debit or EFTPOS card fraud in last 12 months Age 25 years and below 67 33 100 26-35 years 66 42 108 36-45 years 80 32 112 46-55 years 42 22 64 56 and over 23 13 36 Total 278 142 420 Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 2.742a 4 .602 Likelihood Ratio 2.753 4 .600 Linear-by-Linear Association .024 1 .878 N of Valid Cases 420 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 12.17. A chi-square test was performed and no relationship was found between gender and whether participants experienced credit, debit or EFTPOS card fraud in last 12 months, Gender does not influence on whether the participant will experience credit card fraud or not. Question 4 Test Mean 13.65108 12 Variance 308.4302 0 Observations 278 204 Pooled Variance 177.9899 Hypothesized Mean Difference 0 df 480 t Stat 1.342407 P(T=t) one-tail 0.090049 t Critical one-tail 1.648034 P(T=t) two-tail 0.180099 t Critical two-tail 1.964918 From Table 5, it is evident that t-calculated (1.34) is less than t-critical (1.965) and p-value is greater than the significance level (5% level of significance), thus, we fail to reject that null hypothesis that the average time lost in resolving a card fraud is equal to 12 hours (p-value 0.180) at 5% level of significance. Non-statistical interpretation: The time lost in resolving a card fraud is equal to 12 hours. Therefore, the resolving time which is 12 hours set time-period is within the acceptable time of 12 hours. Offline Online Mean 4.31295 6.269784 Variance 23.47211 15.40349 Observations 278 278 Pooled Variance 19.4378 Hypothesized Mean Difference 0 df 554 t Stat -5.23285 P(T=t) one-tail 1.19E-07 t Critical one-tail 1.647609 P(T=t) two-tail 2.37E-07 t Critical two-tail 1.964255 Statistical interpretation: From Table 6, it is evident that the absolute t-calculated (5.23) is greater than t-critical (1.964) and p-value is less than the significance level (5% level of significance), thus, we reject that null hypothesis that the average number of online and offline credit frauds is equal (p-value = 0.000) at 5% level of significance. The average number of online credit frauds (6.27) is greater than that of the offline credit frauds (4.31). Therefore, Visa Inc. should invest in an updated online security which will decrease the number of online card fraud since we found out that the online transactions are more vulnerable to fraud compared to offline transactions. Table 7: Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .957a .916 .916 .91171 a. Predictors: (Constant), Level of communication, Response time, Level of advice Table 8: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 3787.777 3 1262.592 1518.973 .000b Residual 345.785 416 .831 Total 4133.562 419 a. Dependent Variable: Overall Satisfaction b. Predictors: (Constant), Level of communication, Response time, Level of advice Table 9: Regression coefficients Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) .210 .072 2.932 .004 Response time. .349 .049 .390 7.129 .000 Level of advice .573 .093 .708 6.164 .000 Level of communication -.119 .098 -.133 -1.215 .225 a. Dependent Variable: Overall, I am satisfied with my experience with the card fraud resolution team. Statistical interpretation: The p-value for the F-Statistics shows that the model is significant and that is significantly different from zero. The R-Squared is 0.916; this implies that 91.6% of the variation in the dependent variable (Overall satisfaction) is explained by the three explanatory variables in the model. As can be seen from table 9 (regression coefficients), out of the three explanatory variables, two are significant in the model. The two significant variables are response time and level of advice (p-value 0.05). Level of communication is however insignificant in the model (p-value 0.05). Both the response time and the level of advice are positively related with the dependent variable. This implies that a unit increase in either response time or level of advice would result to an increase in the overall satisfaction. Similarly, a unit decrease in either response time or level of advice would result to a decrease in the overall satisfaction. There is relationship between theindependent variables (satisfaction scores of response time and the level of advice) and thedependent variable (Overall satisfaction with the credit card fraud resolution team). However, we found that there is no relationship between theindependent variable (the level of communication) and thedependent variable (Overall satisfaction with the credit card fraud resolution team). Five hypothesis were tested in this study. Results have shown that fraud does not recognize gender but rather cuts across all the gender. This is to mean that no gender was found to be more prone to fraud than the other. The time lost in resolving a card fraud was found not to be less than 12 hours; on average the resolving time was 13.65 hours. The number of online credit fraud were found to be significantly more as compared to the number of offline credit fraud. Lastly, two independent variables were found to significantly predict the overall satisfaction of the customers. The two are the response time and the level of advice. Conclusion With increase in the business transactions involving credit cards, so does the credit frauds. Unmistakably, worldwide systems administration introduces the same number of new open doors for offenders as it improves the situation organizations. Despite the fact that the use of credit cards has opened numerous doors aimed at making ease to conduct businesses, the internet evolution has on the other hand resulted to increased likelihood of fraud especially online credit fraud perpetrated by malicious people who are out to enrich themselves. Fortunately innovation for counteracting Visa cheats is likewise making strides many folds with entry of time. Diminishing computing expense is aiding in bringing in complex frameworks, which can examine a deceitful exchange within very few seconds. This study sought to examine the current situation for the Visa Inc. With a sample of of 420 customers we were able to develop research questions that would enable us analyze the current situation at the Visa Inc. We began by analyzing whether there is any significant association between the gender of the customers and whether or not they had experienced a credit card fraud in the last 12 months. Results showed that being a male or a female has no association with experiencing a credit fraud in the last 12 months. Currently the company was found to take more than 12 hours to resolve issues to do with credit fraud when presented by the customers-this is against the acceptable period of 12 hours or less. In the study, we conducted a regression analysis to find out whether there is a significant relationship between the overall satisfaction of the customers and the three independent variables (Response time, level of advice and level of communication). Results showed that there was a significant relationship between the two independent variables (Response time and level of advice) and thedependent variable (Overall satisfaction with the credit card fraud resolution team). Level of communication did not however have significant relationship with the dependent variable. Recommendations After the conducting the analysis, a number of interesting findings were established that needs quick attention of the Visa Inc. management team to work on. Based on the findings were make recommendations that would see the company maintain their business while at the same time ensuring that their clients are served in a manner that would enable continue using the services without fear of losing to the fraudsters. The management should work on the following key areas: Improve on response time; currently the response time is more than the acceptable time of 12 hours. The management should see on how this time comes down to at most 12 hours. Focus more on h0w to decrease the number of online card fraud since it was established that the online transactions are more vulnerable to fraud compared to offline transactions. Continue working on response time and the level of advice given to the customers as they have an impact on the overall customers satisfaction levels. However, based on the results obtained, both the female and the male clients need to be accorded equal protection in regard to credit fraud. 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